1. The main forms of photovoltaic building integration

The combination of photovoltaics and architecture currently has two main forms:

(1) Combining architecture with photovoltaic systems. Combining buildings with photovoltaic systems, encapsulated photovoltaic modules (flat or curved panels) are installed on the roofs of residential buildings or buildings, with inverters, batteries, controllers, loads, and other devices connected to the external power grid. The solar power generation system and the power grid are used in parallel to supply power to residential (user) areas.

(2) Combining architecture with photovoltaic modules. The further integration of architecture and photovoltaics is the integration of photovoltaic devices with building materials. Generally, the surface of building fences is coated with paint, decorative tiles, or curtain wall glass to protect and decorate the building. If photovoltaic components are used instead of some building materials, they can be used as roofs, exterior walls, and windows of buildings, both as building materials and for power generation, thus maximizing their beauty. The use of photovoltaic devices as building materials must meet some of the requirements of building materials, such as durability, thermal insulation, waterproofing and moisture resistance, appropriate strength and stiffness. Used for windows, skylights, etc., it must be transparent, which means both power generation and lighting can be achieved. In addition, factors such as safety performance, appearance, and ease of construction should also be considered.

In addition, when applying photovoltaic modules in conjunction with buildings, two important factors should be considered: 1) minimizing the ambient temperature around the photovoltaic module as much as possible to ensure its high photoelectric conversion efficiency. Due to the requirement for good ventilation conditions around solar power modules, the design and installation of solar power modules can consider using overhead forms, double ventilated roofs, double glass curtains, etc. The lifespan of photovoltaic modules is usually 15-25 years, and the lifespan of building envelope structures is usually 50 years. The design should consider the requirements for dismantling and replacing photovoltaic modules after failure.

2. Several influencing factors of integrated design of photovoltaic buildings

The design of integrated photovoltaic building network power generation needs to consider the following factors

(1) Pay attention to the surrounding environment of the building and try to avoid or stay away from sunshades as much as possible.

(2) The orientation of buildings should be in an east-west or north-south direction as much as possible.

(3) Determine the tilt angle of the roof based on the local latitude and longitude. Generally speaking, the Earth rotates around the Sun, so the tilt angle of the roof has little effect on the overall solar power generation, usually not exceeding 5%. At the same angle and power, solar cells on the east and west roofs generate roughly equal amounts of electricity.

(4) Calculate the total number and arrangement of components that can be set for each roof based on their size.

(5) Determine the total number of series connections for each group based on the input DC voltage of the inverter. Because each roof has a different orientation, the amount and duration of light are different. The general roof improves the efficiency of the inverter corresponding to the inverter.